6 Most Common Construction Beams Used in Engineering

Beams are critical parts of structures used to carry loads during the construction of buildings and other frameworks. Discover some of the various varieties of construction beams utilized in the building sector.

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1. Steel Beam

Metal beams, also known as steel beams, are constructed of steel and can hold enormous weights without breaking. The forms and sizes of their products determine their specifications. Under their cross-sections, steel beams are categorized as straight or curved I-beams, T-beams, channels, or broad flange sections.

It offers several benefits that are not available with other types of beams. In contrast to timber beams, these beams are not susceptible to attack by mice or termites. Thus, they can handle high tensile loads, resulting in greater structural integrity and resistance to corrosion and fire dangers.

2. Composite Beam

The fabrication of these beams involves the combination of two or more different types of materials. Because of the advantageous combination of materials utilized in their construction, composite beams are more durable than beams composed of their components.

The most prevalent variety of composite beams, steel, and concrete, possess the intrinsic qualities of steel and concrete. Accordingly, timber and plastic composites produce other types of composite beams. When two materials are joined, their properties are improved, and their physical strength is combined.

3. Simply Supported Beams

Even though simply supported beams are an easy type of structure, they are also among the most essential. One end is secured to a fulcrum for support, while the other end is either fastened to the fulcrum or reinforced with rollers.

Moreover, both ends have the opportunity to rotate. It is reportedly possible for beams that are simply supported to withstand bending and shearing stress. In addition, if roller supports are utilized at one of their ends, the beam is also capable of experiencing a translational moment.

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4. Cantilever Beams

A cantilever beam is a suspended structure with one extremity attached. When these beams are subjected to load, the weight is transferred to the supporting end, which creates resistance in the form of shear stress and fixed-end tensions.

5. Timber Beam

The timber beam is positioned horizontally between two supports on the wooden truss. Timber beams, with columns and posts, are commonly used to support wooden roof structures. They are also employed to provide stability to floor slabs in ancient homes that were wooden-framed. As mentioned, timber is a durable and long-lasting building material that is treated and cared for appropriately.

6. Overhanging Beam

This beam type typically uses a simple framework that resembles a beam and provides support. On the other hand, one end of an overhanging beam extends over the beam's base. The beam is frequently delivered at both ends of the column to transfer the load. A column supports one extremity of the cantilevered beam, whereas the other end is suspended from the column itself.

Furthermore, residential buildings frequently use overhanging beams to generate shade or produce balconies. Each of the two ends of the double overhanging beam extends in a direction considerably distant from the support.

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